Organic Fertilizer Raw Materials and Ratio

Organic fertilizer raw materials generally come from animal husbandry and agricultural solid waste. There are many raw materials suitable for making organic fertilizer. To choose suitable raw materials, we must first understand the basic properties of various raw materials, especially some characteristics suitable for industrialization and commercialization of production. For example, whether the source of raw materials is extensive and stable, whether the nutrient index of raw materials meet the requirements of making organic fertilizer, whether the raw materials can be rapidly decomposed, etc.

According to the amount used, raw materials can be divided into two types of main materials and auxiliary materials.

The main material is the main raw material of organic fertilizer production, usually this type of raw materials accounted for 60% to 80% of the proportion of materials. The main material consists of one or several raw materials, common ones are livestock manure, digestate, etc.

Auxiliary materials are mainly used to adjust the material moisture, C / N, pH, permeability of some raw materials, composed of one or several raw materials. Usually the proportion of such raw materials does not exceed 40% of the whole material, and the proportion of a single material does not exceed 20%. Commonly, there are crop straw, mushroom slag, fly ash, quicklime, concave stick powder, calcium superphosphate or phosphate powder, etc.

According to the nature of raw materials, raw materials can be divided into carbon raw materials, nitrogen raw materials, conditioner raw materials and other types. 

Carbon raw materials refer to those with high organic carbon content, such as crop straw, fly ash and so on. These raw materials can be used as the main auxiliary materials of organic fertilizers to regulate moisture, C/N and enhance the permeability of the material.

Nitrogen raw materials are usually those with C/N values below 30, which are the main materials for organic fertilizers, such as livestock manure and digestate. There are also plants that use urea as a high nitrogen raw material used to condition C/N, but this is not the main material.

Conditioner raw materials are mainly materials that are added to the compost to adjust the properties of the raw material mixture, such as pH, moisture, C/N, etc. For example, a small amount of lime and grass ash is added to the compost to neutralize the organic acids produced in the decomposition of organic matter to adjust the acidity; some crushed clay, charcoal, sawdust and other adsorbent materials are added to adsorb the ammonia released during decomposition to preserve the nutrients and improve the quality of organic fertilizer. Add some sawdust, straw powder and other conditioning agents for balancing the water content in composting raw materials and increasing the amount of organic matter in the materials, which can prevent the water content in the materials from being too high.