Straw Composting Fermentation Technology

Straw composting must meet the conditions: mainly moisture, air, temperature, carbon to nitrogen ratio and acidity 5 aspects.
① Moisture. It is an important factor affecting the microbial activity and compost decay fast and slow. Composting materials absorb water and swell and soften easily by microbial decomposition, moisture content is generally 60%-75% of the maximum water holding capacity of the composting material is appropriate, with a firm grip on the composting material, squeeze out water droplets when the most appropriate.
② Air. The amount of air in the compost directly affects the activities of microorganisms and the decomposition of organic matter. Therefore regulate the air, can be used first loose and then tight pile method, set up ventilation tower and ventilation ditch in the compost, compost surface with mulch, etc.
③Temperature. Compost in all types of microorganisms have different requirements for temperature, generally the appropriate temperature for smack gas microorganisms for 25-35 ℃, aerobic microorganisms for 40-50 ℃, medium temperature microorganisms for 25- 37 ℃, high temperature microorganisms the most suitable temperature for 60 - 65 ℃, over 65 ℃, their activities are inhibited. Pile temperature can be adjusted according to the season, winter pile, adding cattle, sheep, horse manure, improve the pile temperature or pile surface sealing mud insulation. Summer pile system, pile temperature rises quickly, you can turn the pile and add water to reduce the pile temperature, in order to facilitate the preservation of nitrogen.
④ Carbon and nitrogen ratio. Suitable carbon to nitrogen ratio (C / N) is one of the important conditions to accelerate compost ripening, avoid excessive consumption of carbon-containing substances and promote humus synthesis. High-temperature compost mainly cereal crop straw as raw materials, its carbon to nitrogen ratio of 80-100:1, and microbial life activities require carbon to nitrogen ratio of about 25:1, that is, microbial decomposition of organic matter for each assimilation of 1 part of nitrogen, the need to assimilate 25 parts of carbon. When the carbon to nitrogen ratio is greater than 25:1, the decomposition of organic matter is slow because microbial activity is limited, and all the nitrogen from decomposition is used by microorganisms themselves, and the effective state of nitrogen cannot be released in the compost. When the carbon to nitrogen ratio is less than 25:1, microbial reproduction is fast, the material is easy to decompose and can release the effective nitrogen, also conducive to the formation of humus. Therefore, the gram straw carbon to nitrogen ratio is wide, the compost should be adjusted to 30-50:1 carbon to nitrogen ratio is appropriate. Generally add the equivalent of 20% of compost material of humanure or 1-2% of nitrogen fertilizer to meet the needs of microorganisms for nitrogen and accelerate the decay of compost.
⑤ Acidity and alkalinity (pH). Microorganisms can only operate within a certain range of acidity and alkalinity. Most microorganisms in the compost require neutral to slightly alkaline acid-base environment (pH6.4-8.1), the optimum pH is 7.5. The process of composting often produces a variety of organic acids, resulting in an acidic environment, affecting the reproductive activities of microorganisms. Therefore, an appropriate amount (2%-3% of straw weight) of lime or grass wood ash should be added to the pile to adjust the pH level. The use of a certain amount of calcium superphosphate can promote compost decay.