Organic fertilizer fermentation is a complex and critical process that involves multiple aspects. The following is a detailed analysis of organic fertilizer fermentation:
 
1、 Definition and Principle
 
1. Definition: Organic fertilizer fermentation refers to the process of decomposing and transforming organic waste through the action of microorganisms under specific conditions, forming organic fertilizers that are rich in multiple nutrients, beneficial microbial communities, and environmentally friendly.
 
2. Principle: During the fermentation process of organic fertilizers, microorganisms utilize organic matter as a carbon source and energy source, decompose organic matter into simple compounds, synthesize the substances needed for their own growth, and generate heat. This process includes two steps: mineralization and humification of organic matter. The mineralization process decomposes complex organic matter into simple inorganic substances; The process of humification generates more complex humus.


 
2、 Fermentation conditions
 
1. Organic materials: such as livestock and poultry manure, crop straw, kitchen waste, etc. These materials contain rich organic matter and nutrients, and are the basic raw materials for organic fertilizer fermentation.
 
2. Microbial strains: Specific microbial strains can accelerate the decomposition and transformation of organic materials. These microorganisms include bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, etc., which have strong decomposition abilities.
 
3. Ventilation and oxygen supply: Maintain oxygen supply during the fermentation process to promote the growth and reproduction of aerobic microorganisms. Ventilation can be achieved through natural ventilation or mechanical ventilation.
 
4. Temperature control: Appropriate temperature can promote the growth and metabolic activity of microorganisms. Generally speaking, the temperature for organic fertilizer fermentation should be controlled between 50 ℃ and 70 ℃.
 
5. Humidity regulation: Maintaining appropriate humidity helps with the growth and metabolic activity of microorganisms. Excessive or insufficient humidity can affect fermentation efficiency.
 
6. pH regulation: A suitable pH value can promote the growth and metabolic activity of microorganisms. Generally speaking, the pH value of organic fertilizer fermentation should be maintained within a neutral or weakly alkaline range.
 
3、 Fermentation process
 
1. Heating stage: In the early stage of fermentation, microorganisms begin to decompose the easily decomposable parts of organic materials, such as sugars, starch, etc., generating a large amount of heat and rapidly increasing the fermentation temperature. This stage mainly involves fermentation at medium temperature.
 
2. High temperature stage: With the increase of fermentation temperature, it reaches the high temperature stage (generally exceeding 50 ℃). At this stage, thermophilic microorganisms become active and continue to decompose difficult to decompose parts of organic materials, such as cellulose and lignin. Meanwhile, high temperatures can also kill harmful substances such as bacteria and insect eggs in organic materials.
 
3. Cooling stage: When both easily decomposable and difficult to decompose parts of organic materials are fully utilized, the metabolic activity of microorganisms gradually weakens, the heat generated decreases, and the fermentation temperature begins to decrease. This stage mainly involves low-temperature fermentation.
 
4. Maturity stage: After a period of fermentation, the organic matter in the organic material is basically decomposed, forming stable humus and organic fertilizer products. This stage requires post-treatment of the fermentation products, such as drying, crushing, packaging, etc.
 
4、 Fermentation equipment
 
1. Compost turners: By regularly turning compost, oxygen supply is increased, aerobic microbial activity is promoted, and fermentation speed is accelerated. There are various types of composite turners, such as slot type composite turners, chain bank type composite turners, Track Self Planned composite turners, and Wheel type composite turners.
 
 
2. Composite fermentation tanks: A relatively enclosed space that uses human energy consumption to supply oxygen, continuous stirring, or provide heat energy, and adds organic fertilizer fermentation agents to create fermentation conditions superior to natural environments. Suitable for large-scale and continuous production of organic fertilizers.


 
5、 Advantages and Significance
 
1. Improving soil structure: Organic matter in organic fertilizers can improve soil physical, chemical, and biological properties, enhancing soil fertility. Meanwhile, due to the high content of nutrients and active substances in organic fertilizers, they can enhance the soil's ability to retain water and nutrients, as well as its buffering capacity.
 
 
2. Protecting the ecological environment: The production process of organic fertilizers mainly involves processing and treating waste to reduce environmental pollution. Meanwhile, the use of organic fertilizers also helps to reduce the amount of chemical fertilizers used and mitigate the negative impact of agricultural production on the environment.
 
In summary, organic fertilizer fermentation is a complex and important process, which is of great significance for improving soil fertility and protecting the ecological environment. In practical operation, appropriate fermentation methods and equipment should be selected according to specific situations to ensure fermentation efficiency and product quality.