Large-scale farms employ a variety of methods for handling livestock manure, aiming to achieve harmless treatment, reduction, and resource utilization of the manure. Here are some common and effective treatment approaches:
 
1.Composting
Composting is one of the widely adopted methods for livestock manure treatment. By mixing livestock manure with auxiliary materials in a certain proportion and fermenting it under aerobic conditions, the organic matter in the manure is converted into humus and soluble nutrients, thereby becoming an efficient ecological organic fertilizer. Composting not only kills harmful microorganisms such as pathogens and worm eggs in the manure, achieving harmless treatment, but also enhances the added value of the manure, making it suitable for use as an organic fertilizer in agricultural production.
 
2.Anaerobic Digestion (Biogas Digester Treatment)
Anaerobic digestion involves separating the solid and liquid components, stacking the solid manure for fermentation, and feeding the liquid portion into a biogas digester. Under anaerobic conditions, microorganisms ferment the organic matter, degrading it and producing biogas, biogas residue, and biogas slurry. Biogas can be used as a clean energy source for daily life or production, while biogas residue and slurry can be used as fertilizers in agricultural production. This method is suitable for large-scale farms and enables the resource utilization and energy recovery of manure.
 
3.Manure Application to Farmland
Manure application to farmland involves collecting, storing, and harmlessly treating livestock manure before directly applying it to farmland. This approach maximizes the utilization of manure and reduces environmental pollution. However, it is important to note that a certain proportion of farmland is required to absorb the livestock manure, and the timing and amount of fertilization must be appropriate to avoid negative impacts on crops and the environment.
 
4.Integrated Treatment and Utilization
In addition to the aforementioned single treatment methods, large-scale farms can also adopt an integrated treatment and utilization approach. For example, after solid-liquid separation of the manure, the solid portion can be composted or used to produce organic fertilizers, while the liquid portion can be subjected to anaerobic digestion or used for farmland irrigation. Furthermore, the manure can be mixed with other agricultural waste (such as straw and mushroom residue) for co-fermentation to produce biofertilizers or substrate soil.
 
5.Construction and Management of Supporting Facilities
To ensure effective manure treatment, large-scale farms need to construct a series of supporting facilities, such as rainwater channels (to achieve rainwater and sewage separation), dry manure storage areas (with rain and seepage proofing and regular cleanup and transportation), sedimentation tanks (for secondary collection of washed manure and other solid substances), biogas digesters, sewage and urine storage tanks, biogas slurry storage tanks, and other supporting facilities. Additionally, it is necessary to strengthen the management of the farm to ensure the normal operation of various facilities and effective manure treatment.
In summary, there are various ways to handle livestock manure on large-scale farms, and the appropriate treatment method should be selected based on the actual situation of the farm and the local environmental conditions. At the same time, it is necessary to strengthen the construction and management of supporting facilities to ensure the harmless treatment, reduction, and resource utilization of manure.