The disc granulator is a widely used equipment in the field of fertilizer production, and its principle and applicability can be analyzed through the following two aspects:

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Principle of Disc Granulator

1. Core Mechanism
   Based on the action of a rotating disc and centrifugal force, the raw material undergoes the following processes within the inclined disc:
   • Material Input: Powdered or granular materials are uniformly distributed onto the rotating disc via a feeding device.
   • Nucleation Stage: As the disc rotates, the material is lifted, and water mist or binders create a water film on the particle surface, which aggregates into tiny nuclei through surface tension.
   • Particle Growth: The nuclei continue to adsorb new material during rolling, gradually increasing to the target particle size.
   • Discharge Process: The particles move toward the edge of the disc under centrifugal force and are eventually ejected along the tangent direction, entering subsequent screening and drying stages.
2. Structural Features
   • Key Components: Disc (with radial reinforced steel plates), scraper device, angle adjustment screw, drive system (motor + reducer).
   • Operational Flexibility: Adjusting the disc angle (35°-50°), rotation speed, and water spray volume allows control over particle size and output.
3. Technical Advantages
   • High granulation rate (over 93%), mostly spherical particles with good fluidity.
   • Suitable for continuous large-scale production, robust and low-maintenance.

Applicable Fertilizer Types

Disc granulators can be used in the granulation of the following fertilizers:

1. Organic Fertilizers
   • Raw Materials: Livestock manure (e.g., chicken manure), straw, sludge, etc.
   • Process: After mixing with NPK nutrients, granulation via disc granulator improves physical properties for easier storage and transportation.
2. Compound/Complex Fertilizers
   • Raw Materials: Blended single fertilizers (e.g., urea, monoammonium phosphate, potash) in specific ratios.
   • Advantages: Disc granulation enables uniform mixing and precise granulation, ensuring even nutrient distribution and enhanced efficacy.
3. Organic-Inorganic Compound Fertilizers
   • Raw Materials: Mixed organic and inorganic fertilizers in specific ratios.
   • Characteristics: The granules combine the soil-improving effects of organic fertilizers with the rapid nutrient release of inorganic fertilizers.
4. Other Special Fertilizers
   • Bio-fertilizers: Fertilizers containing microbial agents; disc granulation avoids high-temperature damage to microorganisms.
   • Slow-Release Fertilizers: Controlled nutrient release through coatings or inhibitors; disc granulation can regulate the release rate.

Equipment Advantages Summary

• Flexibility: Adjustable parameters for different formulations and scales.
• Environmental Friendliness: Low dust generation, no need for additional drying (relying on natural ventilation or low-temperature drying).
• Economy: Simple structure, low energy consumption, suitable for small to medium-sized fertilizer enterprises.

Disc granulators, with their high efficiency and flexibility, have become one of the mainstream granulation equipment in fertilizer production.