The following is the translation of the text into English while maintaining the original context:

Why Does Organic Fertilizer Require Aerobic Fermentation?

Organic fertilizer necessitates aerobic fermentation primarily due to the following scientific principles and practical advantages:

I. Core Principle: Microorganism-Driven Efficient Conversion

Aerobic fermentation refers to the process where aerobic microorganisms (such as bacteria and actinomycetes) decompose organic matter into stable humus under oxygen-rich conditions. The key mechanisms include:

1. High-Temperature Sterilization of Pathogens: During fermentation, the pile temperature can reach 55-70°C, effectively killing pathogens, parasite eggs, and weed seeds, thereby achieving harmlessness.
2. Mineralization and Humification of Organic Matter:
   • Mineralization: Microorganisms break down large organic molecules (such as proteins and cellulose) into small nutrient molecules (such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium) that can be directly absorbed by plants.
   • Humification: Synthesis of new high-molecular compounds—humus, which is the core component of soil fertility, improving soil structure, water retention, and fertilizer retention.
3. Oxygen-Driven Metabolism: Aerobic microorganisms proliferate rapidly through aerobic respiration, with significantly higher metabolic efficiency than under anaerobic conditions, accelerating the fermentation process.

II. Advantages of Aerobic Fermentation Compared to Anaerobic Fermentation

III. Key Practical Advantages of Aerobic Fermentation

1. Sterilization and Weed Control, Ensuring Safety:
   • The high-temperature phase (above 55°C) lasting for 5-7 days can eliminate over 99% of pathogenic microorganisms and weed seeds, ensuring fertilizer safety.
2. Enhancing Fertilizer Efficiency and Soil Improvement:
   • Generates a large amount of available nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium for direct plant absorption.
   • Synthesizes humus, increasing soil organic matter content and improving soil aggregate structure.
3. Environmentally Friendly and Odorless, Reducing Pollution:
   • Avoids the production of foul-smelling gases like hydrogen sulfide and ammonia under anaerobic conditions. Technologies such as membrane covering (e.g., microporous functional membranes) can further isolate pathogenic microorganisms and aerosols.
4. Strong Adaptability and Resource Utilization:
   • Can process various organic wastes such as livestock manure, straw, and sludge, realizing "waste-to-resource" conversion and aligning with the concept of a circular economy.

IV. Process Essentials and Scientific Basis

• Oxygen Supply Control: Combine forced aeration with pile turning to ensure uniform oxygen distribution and avoid local anaerobic conditions.
• Temperature Management: Avoid excessively high pile temperatures (>70°C) to prevent microbial activity inhibition.
• Carbon-Nitrogen Ratio (C/N): Optimal C/N ratio is 25-35:1. Add nitrogen sources (e.g., urea) if too high, or carbon sources (e.g., straw) if too low.
• Moisture Adjustment: Maintain moisture content at 55-65%. Increase aeration or spray water if too high or low, respectively.

V. Summary

Aerobic fermentation transforms organic waste into safe, high-quality organic fertilizer through a high-temperature, efficient, and harmless microbial metabolic process, while also achieving resource recycling and environmental protection. Its scientific principles and practical advantages make it the mainstream technology for organic fertilizer production.