I. Policy and Compliance Requirements

1. Environmental Approval

• Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Filing: Must pass the EIA review by the local ecological environment bureau and submit an Environmental Impact Report. Key requirements include:
  • Air Emission Control: Fermentation exhaust must be treated via a "biological deodorization tower" to meet GB16297-1996 standards.
  • Wastewater Management: Domestic sewage must be treated in septic tanks and reused; production wastewater is prohibited from direct discharge.
  • Solid Waste Handling: Hazardous waste (e.g., waste lubricants) must be entrusted to licensed disposal units; general solid waste (e.g., dust, packaging) must be classified and collected.
• Site Selection Restrictions:
  • The plant must be at least 3 km away from residential areas, schools, water sources, and other sensitive targets.
  • Land use must comply with urban planning and be designated as construction land.

2. Production Licenses and Certifications

• Fertilizer Registration Certificate: Required from the provincial agricultural department, with products meeting:
  • General Organic Fertilizer: NY/T 525-2021 (organic matter ≥45%, total nutrients ≥5%).
  • Bio-Organic Fertilizer: NY 884-2012 (effective viable bacteria count ≥0.2 billion/g).
• Business License: Scope must explicitly include "production and sales of organic fertilizer."

3. Agricultural Subsidy Policies

• National Subsidies:
  • Production Subsidies: Subsidies range from 50 to 300 yuan/ton based on output.
  • Tax Incentives: VAT exemption; corporate income tax incentives (e.g., "three-year exemption, three-year reduction" for resource utilization projects).
  • Equipment Subsidies: New equipment under 5 million yuan qualifies for one-time pre-tax deduction.
• Local Subsidies:
  • Scale-Based Rewards: Plants producing over 30,000 tons/year in Jiangsu receive a 1 million yuan subsidy.
  • Equipment Purchase Subsidies: 30–50% subsidies for livestock manure treatment equipment in Sichuan.

II. Site and Equipment Requirements

1. Site Planning

• Land Area: 10–15 mu required for a 10,000-ton/year plant. Layout includes:
  • Fermentation Area: Trench or tank fermentation workshops (recommended: intelligent molecular membrane fermentation systems).
  • Production Area: Crushing, mixing, sieving, and packaging equipment.
  • Storage Area: Raw material yards and finished product warehouses (moisture-proof and ventilated).
• Infrastructure:
  • Rainwater-sewage diversion systems and initial rainwater sedimentation tanks.
  • Hazardous waste storage rooms compliant with GB18597-2023.

2. Equipment List

III. Raw Materials and Technical Standards

1. Raw Material Sourcing and Quality Control

• Primary Materials: Livestock manure (antibiotic-free), crop straws, fungal residues, and kitchen waste.
• Supply Agreements: Long-term partnerships with breeding farms to ensure stable supply (recommended: 3-month reserve).
• Prohibited Materials: Industrial waste with excessive heavy metals or domestic garbage.

2. Production Process

1. Pretreatment: Crush raw materials to ≤5 cm粒径, adjust moisture to 50–60%.
2. Fermentation:
   • Aerobic Fermentation: Maintain temperature at 55–70°C for 7–15 days, with regular turning.
   • Maturity Standards: Ascaris egg mortality ≥95%, fecal coliform count ≤100/g.
3. Post-Treatment: Ageing for 7 days, sieving uncomposted materials, and adding functional bacteria (e.g., phosphate-solubilizing bacteria).
4. Testing: Each batch must undergo organic matter, nutrient, and heavy metal testing, with samples retained.

3. Quality Control System

• Laboratory Setup: Equipped with organic fertilizer analyzers, moisture meters, and pH meters.
• Third-Party Testing: Regular submissions to CMA-certified institutions for compliance reports.

IV. Funding and Market Strategies

1. Investment Budget

• Small Plant (5,000 tons/year): Equipment (80–150万) + site construction (30–50万).
• Medium Plant (10,000–20,000 tons/year): Equipment (200–500万) + site construction (80–120万).
• Working Capital: Reserve 30% of total investment for raw materials and operational costs.

2. Sales Channels and Models

• B2B Clients: Partner with large-scale growers and cooperatives (e.g., vegetable/fruit bases) via long-term contracts.
• Government Projects: Participate in tenders for "fertilizer reduction" and "soil improvement" initiatives.
• E-Commerce: List on platforms like Ali Agri and JD Agri to promote specialized products (e.g., tea-specific fertilizer).
• Branding: Apply for "China Organic Product Certification" and "Green Food Production Material Certification."

3. Risk Mitigation Strategies

• Raw Material Fluctuations: Sign保底supply agreements with 3–5 breeding farms.
• Competition Pressure: Develop high-value products (e.g., bio-organic fertilizer with microbial agents).
• Policy Dependency: Apply for "Livestock Manure Resource Utilization" projects to secure central财政support.

V. Plant Construction Process Summary

1. Preparation: Market research → site selection → EIA and business license approval.
2. Equipment Procurement: Select fermentation systems and environmental equipment based on scale.
3. Site Construction: Zoning (fermentation, production, storage).
4. Pilot Production: Equipment debugging → small-batch production → quality testing.
5. Subsidy Application: Submit EIA reports, production records, and sales vouchers to agricultural authorities.
6. Full Operation: Expand sales channels → engage in government projects → maintain quality control.

This structured approach ensures compliance, efficiency, and sustainability in establishing an organic fertilizer plant.